Motherboard Not Working and System Giving Alarms - Troubleshooting

The cause of this failure often has below aspects:

Memory alerts

Memory alerts are quite common: chassis has sound like "tick, tick, tick..." on boot.

If it only happens occasionally, you can simply fix it by opening the box, taking off the memory bank and reinserting it. But keep in mind to pull up the power line of the computer when drawing and plugging the memory bank in case the memory would be burned accidentally.

If this occurs frequently, you should look over the issue carefully. In general, it is the tinpot memory bank, golden finger or the memory slot leading to poor contact. You can firstly wipe the golden finger of your memory bank with an eraser, and then reinsert the bank to its slot. If this method does not work, and there are gaps in the two sides of the golden finger slot, you can try to fill the gaps with some hot melt adhesive so as to avoid continued oxidation of the golden finger surface, but the adhesive would make the memory bank difficult to be pulled out.

Video card alarms

If the video card alarms, it mostly because the insert is loose with its slot or the display card is mangled, and a bulk of motherboards would accompany with one long and two short beeps.

First, you need to open the box and reinsert the graphics card. If it still alarms, probably the video card chips are broken, so you have to repair the card or just buy a new one. For motherboards with an audio alert feature, you should distinguish the prompts carefully and solve the problem. Besides, you should scrutinize the AGP slots, if there are some small items in the slots, you need to take them out, or else the video card can not be put in place.

In addition, the incompatibility between video card and motherboard also would give rise to this problem: sometimes the monitor light is on normally, but at times you would hear one "tick" to pass the POST (Power-on self test) process, but a black screen shows up later, and the monitor's power light is in green. Insert this card into another motherboard, it works regularly. In this case, you need to change the video card.

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System Strategy and Motherboard

Motherboard is the subsequent most important component in your systems to the processor. It and its main components like chips, BIOS, cache etc are the main system that utilises to organize the rest of the computers, supposing the processor is the brain of a compute. Motherboard and his contained components is almost certainly most critical part of knowing to how a PCs work usually.

Following are the some of important functions which a motherboard plays on your systems:

Organization: Every part of your PC is finally connected to the Motherboard and in the track of that actually it is intended and laid out dictates how the whole PC is going to be organized.

Manage: Chips and BIOS program which included in motherboard organize the most data flow within the computer and motherboard.

Communication: Approximately all communication between a computer and its components, other PCs, and you, the user goes through the motherboard.

Processor Support: U could not include your desired processor but motherboard will dictates to which tip of processor they have required. Actually u will need of this information while u have to buy computer with a custom built computers like http://www.arbico.co.uk, they will allow u to prefer your desired components for your motherboard.

Peripheral Support: For building a custom built PC, motherboard resolves to which type of components can include in your computer. However you can use quality peripherals in your computer according to your motherboard.

Performance: For two important causes, motherboard is a main determining factor in your PC. The first and a leading one is that the motherboard determines to what kind of memory, hard disk, system buses and processor use in a system to make it speedier, and these peripheral provide directly your system's performance. The second one is the quality of the motherboard circuitry and chipset which have an influence on the motherboard performance.

Upgradeability: How to enable u for a system upgrade, the ability of your motherboard give u the accurate direction. For instance, there are some motherboards like http://www.arbico.co.uk/Motherboard-p-1-c-357.html that will accept regular Pentiums of up to 133 MHz speed only, while the others will go to 200 MHz.

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Troubleshooting Motherboard Problems - System Unstable

Frequent crashes, restart and blue screen attack your system every now and then; you exhaust your minds and spend a whole day repairing the software problems, however, system gets slight improvement. You are bogged down and at a loss what to do?

Sometimes this irritating impediment is merely caused by a poor heat dissipation of your hardware.

Above all, you'll need to check if it is too hot in the southbridge and the northbridge chips, if the problem is located, you need to replace the cooling fins.

The next, examine if the fan's fixed clamps are cracking, which would result in bad CPU heat dissipation and induce computer crashes. Generally, I do not recommend replacing the CPU socket, because manual welding will leave hidden troubles. The radiator of P4 CPU fan joint with the motherboard directly, but that of SOCKET370 CPU is fixed to the motherboard through a CPU socket, be careful if its spring strip too tight when uninstalling it, otherwise the plastic clamps would be apart so that you can not fix your CPU fan.

The bottleneck would also turn up when some obscure capacitance or the power system of motherboard is mingled or poor contacted. Besides, the damage in power switch or RESET key also can give rise to the problem. Today's guises of boxes are becoming more and more beautiful and user-friendly, but the quality of some of their switches, indicator lamps, headphone jacks and USB ports and so on should be improved. If the system shut down a few seconds after startup, you should open the chassis and check whether the power switch can not reset after pressing down. If the RESET key can not spring back itself, the computer will have no response when powering on, because it still stays in power off, and then the power light and the hard disk light will not shine and the CPU fan will not move.

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Motherboards - An Important and Crucial Component of Any System

Intel is a company that is always looking for what they can do next. They are always moving forward to what new advancement in technology they can do. They always strive to meet or preferably exceed customer's expectations. Intel makes all sorts of products and Intel motherboards are one of those products.

A motherboard is the central circuit board of the computer. This is where one can find all of the crucial components of the computer. A few other names that the motherboard goes by are a main board or system board. The majority of the motherboards created today are for computers that are IBM-compatible because the majority of computers are IBM-compatible.

A motherboard is made up of many different components. The vast majority of motherboards all have the same components. One of those components is a socket. A socket is where many different microprocessors are inserted. These microprocessors can be things such as external hard drives, game controllers or photo drives. There are also slots on the motherboard where additional memory can be installed if the computer were to ever need it.

Motherboards have chipsets. These are chips, or integrated circuits, that are created to work together. This forms the interface between the central processing unit, the front sac bus and the main memory. A front sac bus is what carries information between the central processing unit and the north bridge. The amount of data transfers per cycle will be what determines bandwidth.

A non volatile memory is the part of the computer memory that will still store information even when there is no power turned on to the computer or no power even connected. This enables the computer to store information for long periods of time.

Intel motherboards can be purchased directly from Intel. The website will give you all of the information you need to make sure you are getting the correct one. If you need additional help, there is a customer service department that can be contacted for additional help. A search on the website can also be done to find a store locally where a motherboard can be purchased.

A motherboard is a very important part of a computer. Without a motherboard the computer will not be able to do any of what it was built to do. Intel is a great company that is always striving to do more. They are a leader in the technology industry and are always trying to take it to next level and they rarely disappoint.

Matthew Kerridge is an expert in electronic products. If you would like more information about types of motherboards or are searching for a reputable motherboard retailer please visit http://www.ebuyer.com

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How to Choose the Best Motherboard For Your Computer System

The computer motherboard is a key internal part of a computer system. If the CPU or processor is considered as the computers brain then the motherboard can be thought of as the heart of the computer. Although the motherboard does not boost the speed of a computer, it plays a pivotal role for the overall functionality and features of a computer system. It can at times be a really daunting task to choose the best motherboard for your computer. For getting the best output from a motherboard you should follow some of the below strategies that will help you to find out the best motherboard for your computer.

Try to find out as much as you can about the brand name or manufacturer name while choosing a motherboard. A motherboard from a well known company gives many added features like a good warranty or product quality, so try to get a motherboard from well known and reputable company. You must also make sure about the availability of technical support from the manufacturer so when you need it, it is then available. Tech support is crucial here as it is needed during troubleshooting. Among the manufacturers to consider, Tyan, Asus, Intel and Soyo. They are the market leaders and have a positive brand image among consumers.

After brand selection you have to focus on the compatibility of your motherboard with your processor. Different manufacturers provide a variety of processors such as Celeron PPGA, Pentium III, AMD Athlon and AMD K6-3. These processors need specific types of motherboards. The compatibility of the motherboard with a particular processor is the most important factor to consider.

Advanced graphics port or AGP is an appealing feature for the gamer and users who are interested in graphic design. AGP allows quicker communication between the video card and the computer thus increasing the frame rate of graphics programs and video games. So if you are a gamer or have enthusiasm about graphics design, you should choose a motherboard with higher AGP performance.

The number of PCI slots in a motherboard are an important criteria to consider when choosing a good motherboard. Plenty of PCI slots allows for the attachment of ethernet cards, sound cards or modems and for future expansion. The more PCI slots that exist in the motherboard the more ports you will have to connect such devices. Also do consider the number of USB ports on the motherboard as these are also needed to connect with modems, mice and with other devices. For video capturing and editing, you should also have a firewire port. So make sure you have a firewire port if you are interested in video capturing or editing.

While choosing your chipset, you should bear in mind the memory type that is compatible with your selected motherboard. Compatibility of the motherboard with high performance RAM is also important. For getting better performance always choose the motherboard that is compatible with all the components of the computer.

Before purchasing a motherboard you must make sure all important features are reviewed that you need. You can browse the motherboards manufacturer's website to get all the important information related to what you will need. You can download the manual from the manufacturer's website and compare the features on various motherboards. So do consider everything covered above and make sure you get the all the information you need to end up with the best motherboard for your computer system needs.

David Kranser
Pinnaclemicro The Global Online Parts Source

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How to Find Out the Best Motherboard For Your Computer System

Just as any mother is the best to nourish and knows how to take the complete care of her baby; in a computer device the motherboard plays the just right role of supplying the necessary components for the perfect functioning of the system. Since motherboard is the most important circuit board of any computer you need to know how to find out the best motherboard for your system.

Some good motherboards

When you are going to buy the best motherboard for your system price is very vital. You can choose either the board with great graphics or you can prefer concrete functioning rather than graphics quality. When the priority is the great performance of the motherboard with satisfactory graphics, the Asus motherboard of the 'M2A-VM' is good also available at the affordable price of seventy dollars. With this you have the opportunity of using the good quality AMD processor though not the most recent AM2%2B. From this board you can get the six aboard channel audio, DDR2-800 till 8GB, ten USB ports, and incorporated ATI Radeon can give consent to twin monitors.

For AMD motherboards, Asus won't dishearten you as they always keep the promise of the best performance for the high quality graphics card; memory as well as CPU is fast. And for such good performance you can get 'Asus M3A32-MVP Deluxe'. The 220 dollars priced board has compact features of double PCI-E slots, six PCI-E x1 ports, ten USB ports, DDR2-1066 of up to 8 gigabytes, HD audio and many more. When you are looking for motherboards for some lesser price around 180 dollars 'Gigabyte GA-MA790FX-DS5' is also wonderful. The features found are six USB ports, two PCI-E slots, DDR2 1066 of up to sixteen gigabytes, six USB ports, and also six SATA ports.

For the best motherboard the 'Asus Maximus Extreme' is a great choice when you are willing to pay the high price for motherboard. The functioning of the powerful CPUs from Intel is greatly supported by the motherboard from Asus. It has the features of SLI, processors of Intel Extreme, six USB ports, 8GB of DDR2-1333 and six connections for SATA. Other proficient motherboards are of Gigabyte Model GA-G31M-S2L at 65 dollars or less, the Gigabyte GA-X38-DQ6 for at 199 dollars, Biostar TForce TF7050-M2 available for 80 dollars and apart from these you can easily find lots more varieties of motherboards when you are searching for the motherboards on the internet.

What should you look for in your motherboard?

The main elements that make up the motherboard are the CPU or the processor, the socket for the motherboard, bus speed, chipset, system memory, bus speed, peripherals like printer, keyboard, mouse etc and you must get the motherboard which is compatible for supporting all the components well. So selecting the best motherboard can be a perplexing task. So it is better to get the proper ideas about the different motherboards and read about the reviews which can be a good guide for buying.

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Social Media As Part of an Epic Web Traffic Generating System

Social Media is just one part of the formula needed to drive epic traffic to your web business. Knowing how to use this type of media can make your business rank above others in the same niche.

This article will cover the various types of social networking sites and how they function. I will also cover how marketers use these sites to build a following for their products. The term social media is a broad term that covers a variety of tools and media used for different needs and inter-connectivity.

Social web media provides its users with ways to share and interact in ways not seen before its advent. There are single social media sites that provide a variety of methods for sharing and interaction. Social media sites are constantly changing to meet their user's demands and to stay ahead of other sites entering the field.

Social marketing sites use different means to deliver content and engage followers. News and info is delivered by various public relations methods. Here are three.

1. Popular bloggers and their sites

2. Online media portals

3. Various fan type pages and social groups

Another means of getting content out to social web sites is by creating content for marketers to deliver through social web sites. The content created needs to have relevance and interest for the audience that visits the targeted social media site. Getting followers to social media sites is also achieved by creating content that becomes so popular, that people will share it with family and friends. Content that goes extremely popular is said to have gone viral.

Social web media is used by all age groups but its use drops significantly within the higher age groups. One of the top ranked uses of social media is by blog site followers. Photo sharing sites are also amongst the most used social media sites.

One of the types of social marketing sites is the generalist type category of networks. These sites share some of the following characteristics:

• Wide reach of audiences

• Very broad based

• Usually have something for all visitors

• Provide a means to meet new people or stay in contact with those you already know

• A way to express oneself in different outlets

• Content generation is not a primary goal of these generalist sites

Another category of social media sites are the niche type sites. The niche sites focus on topics and interests of specific types of followers. Some of these niches are as follows:

• Hobby type sites

• Business information sites

• Online dating and dating information

• Best sites to shop or find deals

• Lifestyle and interpersonal sites

• Job finding and networking

The last type of social web media site that I will cover in this article is the social bookmarking type of sites. Social bookmarking sites provide its users with a means to store, share and group their pages and posts that they find interesting. These sites work in a way similar to using a web browser's bookmark feature. The pages that people bookmark are then organized by means of descriptive tags. Digg.com is one of the more popular social bookmarking sites.

The field of social web media is continually growing. Users have found that using social media allows them to share their online experiences with others. Marketers are using social media and its various sites to reach consumers in ways that can be less expensive than more traditional media.

If you are interested in learning more about social web media and other web traffic generating methods you can visit this included link.

GK Doig is owner of StratusClick Consulting. Visit him at http://stratusclick.com

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Why Should a Business Have a Social Media Marketing System in Place?

Social media interaction can mean different things to businesses. Some choose to use the platform for customer service and to announce news. Others want to focus on things like: building brand loyalty, networking, getting feedback, or deepening relationships. While the ultimate (social marketing) goal is to do more business, it is not about directly selling a product or service.

Whatever focus the business chooses, it is all about engagement: online conversations with people who are interested in some way about the product or service the business represents. What is important is to learn how to communicate with people inside the places they hang out online.

From Twitter to Facebook or youtube, to bookmarking communities or industry specific groups, there are many places to find prospective customers. The key point to understand is that social media is about being social, engaging in conversation, and providing value.

Today, people want to find more information about products and services they are considering to buy because there is more of it available to access than ever before. They want to talk to other people in social sites they belong to about products or services they are interested in and get feedback from these people they trust, and they even want to connect directly with company personnel.

All of this is available today because of social media. CEO's are blogging and have Twitter accounts. Companies have staff participating in conversation in social sites, some all day long. In fact, every day that a company or business does not participate in this new brand of marketing, is another day that their competition, national or local, gets ahead of them.

It is not enough to have a web site. An interactive presence is becoming a requirement. Part of the decision to start a social media system must include a commitment to be active with it. It won't be effective if it is set up and forgotten.

Social media also includes blogs that are active with new posts and comments. Blogs, and forums also, exist for every market or industry and are great places that businesses can go to engage with people who have similar interests and to use them as a tool to gather a social following for their business.

This is accomplished by participating in the conversation in these blogs and forums, being helpful by providing answers to questions and being part of the conversation. Each reply that is made contains a link back to the business website where people can go and begin to track what the business is doing.

When trying to understand the scope of social media, there are three types of destination sites: content sharing, content publishing, and social networking. Note the first two are centered around developing and syndicating the content, and the third involves people talking about the content. Valuable content is the only kind that will be rewarded with referrals and loyalty.

Businesses have taken notice of the explosive growth and influence of social media. There are daily success stories (just Google to find them). By participating in social engagement with the goal to 'give' and not to 'sell', companies and brands who are active in their efforts are reporting very successful results.

Let's get back to the original question posted: Why should a business have a social media marketing system in place? One of the most prominent reasons would be that, even though social media is not about selling, it does give a business the opportunity to reach a target audience that are potential buyers or re-buyers of their product or service.

Another important consideration is in regard to the other way that people look for a business online: through the search engines. Part of social media involves maintaining a website that gets updated with new content often. Search engines reward that. Also, search engines Google are now giving the sites like Twitter, Facebook, Youtube, bookmarking sites and others, first page listings.

A social media system should also be integrated with the business's overall marketing and communication strategies because they can promote each other. Offline advertising can point viewers to the online presence, and the social 'word of mouth' component in communities online can spread quickly and become very powerful in many places both online and offline.

The bottom line is that social media marketing has benefits that can no longer be ignored. First page listings of a business website, or its blog or social site, in Google and other search engines can bring lots of new visitors to a business website. Social engagement for business online is already proven, and is the marketing of the present and the future.

It is worth repeating the fact that social media is primarily about engaging with people through content the business provides (written, audio, video), giving value to the conversations taking place online, and not contain a sales pitch. Content that educates, enlightens, or entertains, will lead people to what the business represents.

Giving someone a reason to want to hear more from the business (valuable content), making it easy for them to find the business, building their trust and loyalty, and 'caring' - can deliver massive success to a social media marketing system.

We can help you participate in social media by evaluating your business website along with your goals for engaging with prospects and customers online. A social media marketing system will be developed for your business by a team that knows and understands how social media can help you grow. To learn more, visit http://yourwebsitemarketingservice.com.

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CMS - Content Management System Infrastructure Strategies For the Broadcast and Media Industries

Newspapers, television and radio companies are creating content and information at an ever increasing pace.

Traditionally, electronic content has resided on widely disparate technologies, locations and represented only operational transactions. As organizations move operations to online content and establish partnerships, via portals and extranets, with customers and suppliers, "digital content" becomes distributed among many parties.

This presents both opportunities and challenges in building content management systems reflecting the information holdings of the organization.

Content storage and management are key components of an efficient media market. A digital asset manager is required to manage the main repository of an organization's historical content. It would contain the raw online electronic content targeted for expanding distribution to new distribution channels. The critical factor leading to an efficient media market is the ability for online content creators and consumers to perform complex searches and analysis without slowing down the content production operation systems. An online content market is:

Subject-organized - information describing content is stored in a database and is organized by subject so that all the references relating to the same files are linked together;

Time-stamped - changes to the descriptive data in the database are tracked and recorded so that reports can be produced showing changes over time;

Non-volatile - data in the database is never over-written or deleted, once committed, the descriptive data is static, read-only, and retained or archived for future use; and

Integrated - the database would contain information relating to most or all of an organization's production content. Search information would be consistent.

For example, an online content market could be used to search and find all audio, video and text about elections in 2008, or all new medical research papers between December 24th - December 28th 2006.

A core goal of an online market is to integrate content and applications at the data level. Media and data would be extracted from production operations systems, cleansed, transformed, transcoded and placed into the media market according to organizational business rules. Although the notion of creating a centralized content warehouse is conceptually appealing, it is operationally infeasible in many environments. The size and localization of audio and video content may required a distributed, federated approach to be financially and technically practical. Departments within an organization should be encouraged to retain ownership of their content and assume responsibility to share and publish according to well-defined sharing agreements.

Rather than spending a lot of money on a centralized content management system, or CMS, implementing smaller federated local CMS systems, and integrating them organization wide through federated content management sharing software is often a more practical approach.

Federated Media Market

Federated media markets include independent local content file stores within the organization. Local staff members would select and publish video and audio into the system, which would then be integrated into the federated media market model. In most current environments, online content resides in local departmental storage, often implemented using differing closed system commercial products, localized terminology and query languages.

The federated media market approach involves the creation of an information hub containing descriptions of online content of interest to the entire organization, while data of interest to the local department would remain in the local production file stores. The federated market would be used to find internally published content anywhere in the organization. In addition, federated content for new vertical lines of business and distribution channels would be efficiently created by re-purposing accessible media. The federated approach is appealing in that small files containing text descriptions and file location references can reside in the federated content hub, while the large video and audio files can reside in local content stores. A federated media market positions organizations to efficiently enter e-Media markets.

e-Media

e-Media is based on inter-company partnerships among content consumers and content creators. These partnerships are based on the requirement to share online content, and related content information through inter-operable business processes, common data sharing protocols, and open standards such as the extensible markup language. e-Media partnerships require content distribution among specialized software applications for content management, application integration and back-end fulfillment systems such as media distribution and billing.

The dynamic nature of the inter-company relationships and the distributed content contained in existing proprietary systems requires new approaches to storage and cataloging. The federated media market approach allows local staff members to manage locally relevant content while sharing portions of local production content with the federated media market. Specific agreements on how much media and data will be available, the protocols and standards to be used to access and share e-media, the security attributes and distribution permissions of shared media, and quality standards to which these partners must adhere should be carefully defined prior to implementing a federated media market.

A "web service" model to create dynamically configurable customizable data markets is recommended. Media market concepts and tools would include mechanisms to access the databases of these web services to obtain e-Media-specific data regarding those services, e.g., performance metrics, status information, and meta-data which would then be stored in the federated media market. The use of intelligent software agents interacting with hosted media to gather relevant information for the federated media market is recommended. A successful Federated Media Market can become a knowledge repository consisting of low resolution representations of the source media, the source media text information from the local data mart, company wide metadata, workflow patterns, and the company media dictionary.

A federated media market positions organizations to profitably enter e-Media markets.

Joe Tighe
IT Infrastructure Consultant
http://joetighe.wordpress.com

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An Analysis of New Zealand's Media System

New Zealand media currently operate under a free press theory and this is the best possible system for the country. In 1861 the Otago Daily times became New Zealand's first newspaper. The media industry is largely owned by 2 Australian based companies; Fairfax Media (The Dominion Post and Stuff.co.nz) and APN (The NZ Herald and the NZ Women's Weekly). Our news teams are free to cover what they wish and criticise as they see fit allowing them to fulfil their potential as society's watchdog. There is no explicit connection between the media and the government and so when there is a political controversy, such as Pita Sharples meeting known gang leaders at taxpayer expense or the increasing ACC levies on motorcyclists, the public are in a position to learn what is happening from the media and then have their say through that same medium. The free press system allows the media to be accessible to all, as openly and evenly as possible depending on staff and time limitations, and this in turn builds the nation's trust in it. As a multi cultural nation it is essential that all ethnicities are given equal standing in the media's eyes to help build and ease the relationships that exist among people with various backgrounds. The free media theory is "a reflection of the diversity of society as well as access to various points of view"1 but this is easier said than done. Elements of the Social Responsibility theory where the media and the government are on the same level do tend to pop up during times of increased pressure, such as government elections or minister scandals, and we see the government defending itself against the media directly. It is a functioning democracy with an adherence to ethical principles unseen in a lot of this world. New Zealander's pride themselves on a good standard of living in a peaceful and friendly environment so for the media to be anything but self-controlled would leave it at odds with the society around it.

New Zealand, like the United States, has aligned itself with a free media ideal. Government policies are examined and critiqued and this behaviour is encouraged by the population. However the potential exists for private factors to influence the media. DellaVigna and Kaplan's study of Fox news and it's bias towards republican coverage found that media bias did indeed exist and that it was effectively swaying the viewer voting outcome. "Exposure to Fox News induced 3 to 8 percent of the non-Republican viewers to vote for the Republican party"2. Information coming into and out of the country remains unrestricted and various news channels (SKY News, Fox, BBC, etc.) are readily available for viewing within New Zealand. News websites are not censored, unlike in China in the build-up to the 2008 Olympics, and people are left to their own accord to seek the truth. Journalists and those within the industry have the freedom to create their mediums to the public, free from government interference, and are motivated by a free competitive market. If they are not the first to cover a story or fail to provide decent coverage they lose funding, be it private or from the state, and will cease to exist. Bias within a free press can unfortunately become a necessity to survival right down to the language they print in. This is of course a negative after effect of colonisation which is a deep seated problem across the African continent. "It is abundantly obvious that most print and electronic media output is consumed by urbanites"3. There is a televised Maori language option but the market demand is simply too low to fund a mainstream publication and it is no coincidence that Maori make up the lower end of national earnings. The amount of time allocated for their coverage appears reasonable but it is coverage from a European eye. This lack of control is in stark contrast to the Authoritarian or Soviet Media theory which is set-up with the sole intention of supporting the government and is publicly funded which may allow for a stronger minority presence in the market or push it out completely.

The Libertarian or Free Press theory is based on the belief that, if left to their own accord, human beings will naturally choose to do what's considered right for each other. However if people are left unaccountable for their actions there is the risk of a communal breakdown. If this theory was completely realised the media would be abandoned as there would be no way to justify their words, or examine their credentials effectively, without jeopardising the free media policy. A medium is provided by borrowing elements of the Social Responsibility theory. This theory states that the media must adhere to journalistic principles ("informativeness, truth, accuracy, objectivity, and balance"4 ) if they are to be allowed their choice of coverage. The Broadcasting Act of 1989 established the Broadcasting Standards Authority and is backed by the New Zealand Press Council funded entirely by publishers to aid it's enforcement.

The key difference between Social Responsibility and a Libertarian theory is that while a free press is expected to report on the government a socially responsible one is expected to raise debate. It adds an aggressive element. It is then up to the media to allocate it's time between national and local issues. Some, like British journalist Stephen Kingston believe that "the mainstream media are never going to touch real community stories because there are a million value judgements going on..."5. A free media can not only choose to steer clear of messy issues and not risk losing a percentage of their audience. An Authoritarian approach could force them to cover these issues, like the recent debate over the legalisation of abortion in Spain, and hence control the media storm and give it direction rather than growing Western sensationalism.

The compromise between the media systems is particularly prevalent during the current economic recession. To avoid threatening our democratic principles the government is allowing the media to criticise it's budget forecast while also defending itself in turn. The proposed rises in ACC levies for motorcyclists and cuts in injury physiotherapy subsidies and workplace accident compensation is drawing a lot of flack from the public. The government is being forced to balance itself between ensuring our nation's debt remains under control while ensuring it still provides for the needs of it's citizens. It has not banned protesting, it has not banned media coverage and it holds itself accountable when necessary such as with the recent MP housing scandals. The public may be upset about the proposed changes but they are being kept informed and a sense of control is established in the country thanks to this open policy. The concern is generally more directed at the broadness of information presented rather than it's validity. The 1990 Bill of Rights Act section 14 states that "everyone has the right to freedom of expression, including the freedom to seek, receive, and impart information of any kind in any form"6. An Authoritarian approach would have been to silence all criticism and push ahead with revenue boosters such as increased taxation and local market protection. The Soviet-Totalitarian theory work because the government doesn't have the finances to fund the media itself without cutting money from areas most New Zealander's take for granted like the public health system and free education.

To further look at the quality of New Zealand's current media system, which I believe is our best possible option, it must be emphasized that there is no perfect mould from any of the theories that would fit a living, changing, society. There is often a lack of flexibility shown between the theories. I have used the ruling government as the main catalyst of media function but true politics always lie in the hands of the people. Particularly in a democracy it is their own beliefs and feelings which dictate the who is in government and how the nation's ideology is presented in the media. As circumstances change within the nation the media must change itself accordingly to maintain progression and development. To attempt to pigeon-hole the New Zealand media into a study book definition is impossible from the moment the words are published the world around them has changed. There are pros and cons for every media theory in one's imagination but in reality the best media theory for New Zealand is whatever the country needs most. In times of recession a heavier sway is needed towards social responsibility as the citizens demand more help from those with more power. In times of stability citizens demand a liberal media to go along with their own increased freedom. Lastly, in times of public conflict be it internal or international, the government must be expected to step in and lead the nation. It is from this broad perspective that the conclusion can be reached that New Zealand's media system is best described as a compromise between the Libertarian and Social Responsibility theories just as it should be.

Bibliography

De Beer, Arnold S. and Merril, John C. Global Journalism: Topical Issues and Media Systems. Fourth Ed. Boston: Pearson, Allyn and Bacon. 2004

El-Bendary, Mohamed. Study Guide: 219.337 Contemporary Issues in Global Journalism, (Revised James Hollings 2009), Massey University Press 2009.

Fred S. Siebert, Theodore Peterson, Wilbur Schramm, Four Theories of the Press (Urbana and Chicago: University of Illinois Press, 1963)

Skjerdal, Terje S, Siebert's Four Theories of the Press: A Critique, (St. Paul, Minnesota, 1993)

Article by Jared Nicoll

[http://www.alongthelion.co.nz]

"New Zealand's pioneer satirical news source."

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