The chipset inside the motherboard is the component that handles the communication between the memory, local BUS and CPU. The CPU that you have will naturally dictate the type of chipset that your motherboard has. The best chipsets are able to operate at faster transfer rates and are more efficient at power management. For this reason, the chipset is undoubtedly the most important component on a motherboard. Today, the best motherboards use chipsets such as the nForce 5 by Nvidia and 975 and 975p by Intel.
The chipset on the motherboard is made up of a Northbridge and Southbridge chip.
The Northbridge chip on the motherboard is responsible for handling data transfer between the AGP/PCIs ports, RAM and CPU and it's also linked to the Southbridge through data channels. Depending on the brand of chipset it'll either use a BGA encapsulation mode for AMD processors or a FC-PGA encapsulation mode for Intel processors.
Unlike the Northbridge chip, the Southbridge chips main duty is to handle the communication between the PCI, IDE, Audio, I/O and Network devices. The Northbridge on all motherboards uses a BGA encapsulation mode.
Today, in place of the traditional Southbridge and Northbridge chip, we have certain motherboards that have an all-in-one configuration developed by SiS and Nvidia. These motherboards integrated both of these components into one chip, which allows Nvidia and SiS to produce motherboards at a significantly reduced price. However, these new motherboard from both SiS and Nvidia do not enjoy the support of the more conventional models.
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